Increasing Visual Comfort with Blue Light in Video

Increasing Visual Comfort with Blue stir up in VideoAdjusting the sacrilegious re procedure of the pic to increase the opthalmic cherish belong to the changed of giddy milieuAbstract This paper is an approached method adjusting the gloomy soft of the picture to curb the spirit coursewhen plenty waiting goggle box on digital devices much(prenominal) as computer demonstrate, smartph one and only(a) silver screen or tab in contrastive luminance of the purlieus accomplish away. The method is exploitation the bump by sensor getting the luminance determine of the luminousness, whence sending these value immediately to our program to appendage the roam of the video. The videos frames go out be treat based on open- plazadings values and given the new videos frames which atomic tot up 18 overthrow the aglitter(predicate)ness luminousness. The video with cut back the brightness and piquant electric car discharge leave alone increase the ocular soothe to the human affectionatenesss when people observatory the video in different agility environss from brightness to darkness.Keywords inexorable fair, mettle strain, argus-eyeden up environment, video, visual blower.1. IntroductionIn recently years, digital devices be real popular in the world beca handling they be very reusable in the humans life.The digital display of devices is produced from a variety of engineering called prosperous emitting diodes ( lead). From this technology, the digital display exposes to spirited gentleheaded that is a primary election factor causing the eye strain and visual tenderness. Some electronic device displays such as computer screen, laptop, smartphone device or TV emit a lot of the brightness light contained the muddied lights which tot to people the eye symptoms. As we know that, the tooth some light has a short wavelength in the argona of the circumpolar light spectrum. The piquant lights wavelength has a rang e from 380nm (nanometer) to 500 nm it is one of the shortest and highest energy wavelengths. The sources of blue light include the sun, computer display, smartphone screen, television, fluorescent and direct lighting. The eye strain is eyestrain in the medical examination term. When people concentrate their eyes on the digital display overtime, they result get the symptoms of ocular as fatigue, tired eyes, glaze over vision, headache, neck pain and dry eyes. In the report of the vision council, in that respect is 44% activity associated with the digital device utilize for work and 43 % for recreational meter reading. Besides, nearly 30% of the adults spend more than half of wakeful hours ( 9 hours) using a digital device. By using the virtually commonly digital devices as computer, smartphone, tablets, television,the symptoms of digital eye strain atomic number 18 32,8%, that is the highest symptom.When doing the jobs or keep uping video on the computer more than devil hours, people will get focussing or both(prenominal) otherwise symptoms. The reason is that some frames of the video turn in many brightness lights that will expose the blue lights to draw off people feel uncomfortable. In addition, if the people watch the same movie on daytime or iniquity with the gl be, they will tired eyes, general fatigue, blurring or headaches. As we argon know that the brightness video is normal to the eyes at day beca physical exercise the twenty-four hours is brightness alike, but it is glaring when watching at iniquity or in darkness environment condition.To filter or adjust the blue light, there are many ways to decrease the brightness light and increase the visual comfort such as using blue light filter applications, changing text and moxieground colouring material on the screen, or using the glasses. These methods have some advantages and disadvantages. In our research, we propose the administration to cultivate the color of videos frame be longing to the luminance value of the light environment. Our method is sit up a system to perceive the light environment. establish on the darkness or brightness light, we will process the collected value from sensor directly to the videos frame and display on the digital display later filtering blue light on the video. From this method, the color and histogram of videos frame will be rendered immediately when the environment changed. It means that if the video is taken from another environment, it will be processed adjusting the blue light to reduce the eye strain and enhance the visual comfort in the veritable environment of light when the viewer watching.2. Related worksIn previous researches, there are many research document talk of the town virtually the blue light that is affected to the human eyes. From the blue light exposed website, they are talking virtually what is the visible light and blue light.Then, they also talk how the important of protection the humans eyes from the subtle effect of the blue light rays. Besides, this website also presents which symptoms effect to the eyes such as brumous vision, dry and irritated eyes, neck pain and clog focusing. They apply the rule 20-20-20 watching every 20 minutes, focus and aim about 20 feets and ways for 20 seconds. They also propose some solutions to filter blue light from digital devices. Kuang-Tsu Shih3 and his coworkers show the solution to reduce harmful blue light and optimize the spectral transmittance and decrease the color distortion in the blocking harmful blue light bit preserving image color appearance. Yong-Woo Kim1 and coworkers introduce the method to decrease the visual discomfort by reducing blue light component. They survey perceive symptom before and after watching a movie and treasure the eye-blink rates of the participants, saccadic movements and near the point of convergence in his analysis effects of the blue light. Yoon-Suk Kang2 said that the brighter video give s more discomfort than the darker video after making the comparison on stereoscopic 3D display, auto-stereoscopic 3D proctor and HDM devices.Additionally, there are some research papers about reading luminance of the light and turn on the light in the darker environment or turned off it in bright. In the tutorials point, they introduce about the histogram of an image and help to know which image is dark or bright from the histogram. From the histogram equalization article, Robert Krutsch and David Tenorio4 said that which histogram covers all the possible values in the grayscale used is a good enough histogram. It means that the histogram will be a good contrast and details in the image will be find more easily.3. Theory Information3.1. Blue light and visual comfortVisual comfort is a metric that is used to rate the lighting hotshots. In the recently years, several people shuffling the research about the visual comfort and the relation from the lighting environment to the visual comfort. jibe to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the standards on lighting environment with many parameters as relevant for visual comfort including color rendition index and correlated color temperature. Therefore, there is some research papers are work outed on surfaces brightness and color, light distribution and appearance of light and luminaires. The Unified Glare Rating (UGR) system that is developed by CIE in 1995 to evaluate the visual comfort glare by lighting sources as followWhere Lb is the background luminance(cd/m2), Li is the luminance (cd/m2), Pi is the vex of for each one luminance. From the CIE, the higher UGR value suggests the higher visual discomfort glare. Besides, the researchers consider that luminance arrangement, conduct lights quantity and lighting source surface distribution can be the factor causing discomfort. They said that if the number of light-emitting diode increases then the glare is decreased. In many case studies resea rch, people make do that the color affects to the visual comfort in the mood and performance.As we known, the visible light has a wavelength from 400nm to 700nm (nanometer). It is visible for the human eye and responsible for the sense of the sight. In this range, the longer wavelengths are a red light and the shorter wavelengths are blue light. The blue light has a wavelength spectrum of between approximately 380nm and 500nm. It is one of the shortest and highest energies of wavelength.Fig. 1. Light spectrum with visible light (400-700 nm) and blue light (380-500 nm)Where is the blue light? And, what effect of the blue light to the human life? The blue light actually exists anywhere. It is stored in the light of the sun and traveled through the atmosphere. Furthermore, the blue light is exposed from the digital devices such as PC monitor, smartphone screens, TVs, laptops, tablet displays, fluorescent and LED light. Today, the LED display is very popular. It is used the LED back-li ght technology to enhance the brightness of the screen and clarity. Unfortunately, the LED has the very altitude energy of the wavelength or blue light. Because of the development of PC, smartphone,.the digital devices with this technology are used on them. Therefore, people will watch the blue light too much. Besides of some benefits of blue light as nurture alertness, help memory and cognitive function and evaluate moods, if people get the blue light emitted from the digital devices, they will get stress and eye strain. There are many kinds of eye strain as blurry vision, dry and irritated eyes, difficulty focusing, headaches, back pain, They also increase the jeopardize of depression, permanent eye damage or loss vision. There are the research from Harvard said that if people work the night shift and icon to the blue light to get several types of cancer diabetes, heart malady or increased risk of depression.3.2. Hardware circuit and Light parasitic Resistor (LDR) sensorIn o ur research, the hardware used to process and absent luminance of lighting environment is Arduino circuit plank. Arduino is an important circuit posting that communicates with the computer and other electric devices via USB port. It also gets output data from electric devices and sends to the computer to process. Arduino is very famous microcontroller mount up with many categories. Arduino Uno is used in our research based on the ATmega328. The board has 14 digital output peglegs including 06 digital pins used as PWM output. It has the operating voltage of 5V and limitation of the arousal voltage from 6V to 20V. Additional, DC current of each I/O pin is 20mA. Flash memory has a capacity 32KB. Arduino read inputs from a sensor, hitchhike on the button, data from USB or a Twitter message, then turn it into an output as activating motors, turning on a LED or publishing something online. There are a lot of projects in many fields and worldwide community of makers using the board to set up their projects. To do something, you can tell what you want to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. Arduino is changing to fit to new need and challenges with simple 8-bits boards to products for Internet of Things (IoT), wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments.Fig. 2. Arduino board (left),LDR sensor (center) and characteristic of LDR sensor schema (right)LDR sensor is a light sensitive device. It is made up of semiconductor materials having high resistance. It operates based on the resistance. If its resistance is very high, the LDR is kept in dark and brighter when its resistance decreases. When the light is incident, it takes 8 to 12 ms for the change in resistance to winning place and takes one or more seconds for the resistance to rise back again. LDR has a low cost and simple in complex body part. People use it as a light sensor. It is used for lamps on street or light intensity meters, etc.3.3. Making image contrastA histogram is a graph. It presents the frequency of anything that is provided in the dataset. The graph has two axes y-axis presents the counting number of frequency and x-axis is the values of things in the dataset. In image processing, the histogram displays frequency of pel intensity values. While x-axis is the gray of intensities, then y-axis shows the frequency of these intensities. The histogram is very expedient in image processing. It can be used in medical to predict something from X-ray picture, adjusting the contrast of an image or using in thres hurling, Therefore, equalization histogram is necessary to get the balance in the image. To enhance the contrast, we make the histogram equalization. After equalization, the intensity of the image is better distributed on the histogram. There are some methods to equalize the histogram such as histogram expansion, local area histogram equalization, accumulative histogram equalization, par and odd sectioning.Fig. 3. Histogram equa lization4. Algorithm and resultsIn the previous section, the blue light is a primary to make the people getting eye strain and visual discomfort when they work on the digital display devices. The eye strain will make people get stress or some other diseases. If people work or watch image/movie long time on the computer or digital devices at the night, the eye strain and discomfort will be increased more and more. This is very dangerous to the human eyes and their mental. With the blue light exposed from the PC monitor, people work on the screen of the computer or the laptop will increase the stress or eye strain. Especially, it will be increased more and more visual discomfort if people watch image or video at the night. At that time, the light of environment is too dark, and the video may have much lights of the blue color. So, reducing the eye strain and change magnitude visual comfort that synonym to reduce the blue light on each frame of the video is very necessary in this case . The problem is how to reduce it?From our research, we propose the solution to help people reduce the eye strain when they watch the video in the darkness environment of light. Our solution is a system with two parts including electric devices and image processing program. Our systems structure is described in the following figureFig. 4. The structure of reducing blue light and increasing visual comfort system.In the process, if we have the video that is captured from brightness environments. As we known that, the brighter frames of the video caused more visual discomfort than darker video. So, when we watch the brighter video in the dark lighting environment, we will get more visual discomfort. How to know which is the brighter or darker lighting environment? We use the LDR sensor. LDR sensor with the resistor to get the intensity of the environment and Arduino board collects the values of LDR. On the other hand, we get the information from the input video (videos frames) via hist ogram. We process every pixel from the input video (videos frames) with the value collected by Arduino. In the next, we are mapping the pixels color after processed into (255,255,255).Then, we make the equalization histogram for the image to enhance the contrast. Finally, the new output video (videos frames) is rendered and reduced blue light in the new environment.In generally, our algorithm is presented as followingRead luminance value of current environment by LDR sensor (E).Calculate and send to the program value of (E).Read the craved video by sequentially frames.Calculate the value of (E) on each pixel of videos frames.Process color of the videos frames after conniving in the ordinal step.Equalize histogram to enhance the contrast of the videos frames.Display new rendered video after reduced eyestrain or visual discomfort (increasing visual comfort). The LDR light sensor gets the lights luminance of the environment and process that value by using Arduinoboard. The computer r ead the video and the lightings luminance values sent from the Arduino board based on the lightings luminance values, we calculate the histogram and process above videos frames, then rerender that video suitable to the environment light. The output video is reduced the blue-light and reduces the eye strain of the viewer. Finally, the viewer will watch the video in slight visual discomfort in the different lighting environments (from brightness to darkness).Based on the algorithm and processing video, we try to work on the day and night with the same video. For easy imaging, we choose an image frame of video and process on it with the luminance value from lighting environment. The result has some different images that are different to the original image. The results are depicted as followOriginal image frameResult image frame on the dayResult image frame at the night in less darknessResult image frame at the night in very darknessFig. 5. Output image frame in different values collec ted from light sensorFor the 3D stereo images, we also process the left and right images belonging to the light values that are collected from the LDR light sensor via Arduino circuit board. In this case, re-rendered the images by calculating a color based on environment light is very important because it is strong effected to the eye. If the blue light is not reduced, the eye strain will be stronger and visual discomfort more increasing when watching 3D stereo movie.5. ConclusionToday, the digital devices are very popular. It always exists parallel in the humans life. Therefore, watching video on the digital display devices in a long time will get stress, eye strain, and visual discomfort. Our paper has proposed the solution to the viewer when they watch the video by using light sensor-LDR. The LDR light sensor perceives the current light environment, the system processes to make an output video belonging to the environment that is reduced eye strain and visual discomfort. Our solu tion gives the result depending on correspondence environment brightness or darkness.ReferencesYong-Woo Kim and Hang-Bong Kang. (2016). Analysis of blue-light effects in reducing visual discomfort from watching stereoscopic 3D video. fiat for Imaging Science and Technology.Yoon-Suk Kang and Sungho Cho. (2016). Comparison of visual discomfort when viewing 3D videos with various contrast changes on a stereoscopic 3D display, an autostereoscopic display, and an HMD. ordination for ImagingScience and Technology.Kuang-Tsu Shih, Jen-Shuo Liu, Frank Shyu, Su-Ling Yeh, and Homer H. Chen. (2016). Blocking Harmful Blue Light while Preserving Image Color Appearance. ACM Trans. Graph, Vol. 35, No. 6, Article 175, 10 pages.Takashi Shibata, Joohwan Kim, David M. Hoffman, Martin S. Banks. (2011). The zone of comfort Predicting visual discomfort with stereo displays. Journal of day-dream, 11(8)11, 1-29.Gordon Wetzstein, Wolfgang Heidrich1 and David Luebke. (2010). Optical Image affect Using Lig ht Modulation Displays. Computer Graphics Forum, vol 29, issue 6, pp. 1934-1944.Monica St. (2010). Colour And Light And The Human Area For Visual Comfort. Colour and Light in Architecture_First International Conference 2010_Proceedings, 285-291.Robert Krutsch and David Tenorio. (2011). Histogram Equalization. Technical Report, Microcontroller Solutions Group, Guadalajara, Rev.0.Paola Iacomussi , Michela Radis, Giuseppe Rossi, Laura Rossi. (2015). Visual Comfort with LED Lighting. The 6th International Building Physics Conference, IBPC. Energy Procedia 78 ( 2015 ) 729 734.The Vision Council. (2011). Protect your eyes from Digital devices. Digital eye strain report, unpublished. forcefulness of blue light technology, https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_blue_lights_technology.Eye Strain, http//www.medicinenet.com/eye_strain/article.htm.Arduino Tutorial, https//www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Calibration.Visual comfort probability, https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_comfort_probability AuthorsViet Tran Hoang is a PhD candidate in Global School of Media, Soongsil University, Seoul,Korea. He had genuine his B.S degree in Computer Science from Cantho University, Vietnam, in 2000. He hold a M.S degree in Information System Management from HAN University, Netherlands, in 2011. He is currently pursuing his PhD in Computer Graphics at Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea. His research interests include image processing, 3D real-time rendering and 3D stereoscopic rendering.