Short History of Myanmar

Derived from BAMAR * Burma spoken form * Myanmar literary form 2. canonical FACTS * Official Name Republic of the sum of Myanmar * jacket Naypyidaw * Form of political relation Unitary Presidential shapingal Republic * President Thein Sein * Vice-President Nyan Thun (Navy Chief) * 2nd Vice-President Sai Mauk Kham knowledge base Organizations UN (1948), ASEAN (June 23, 1997) * social Group Burmans 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, Others 5% * Language Burmese (Sino-Tibetan) * Currency Kyat (K) * Religion Theravada Buddhism 89%, Christianity 4%, Islam 4%, Others 2%, Hinduism 1% * Foreign Rulers Chinese, Muslims, Indians, BRITISH, Japanese * Date of Independence (from British) January 4, 1948 *Geography largest country in the mainland SEA Bordered on the NW by India and Bangladesh, NE by Tibet and China, SE by Laos and Thailand, S by the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea * Highest position is Hkakabo Razi in Kachin / highest mountain in SEA, along the borders of Myanmar, India and China / along the foothills of the Himalayas * final point is Andaman Sea/Burma Sea, southeast of Bay of Bengal * Major rivers are Irrawaddy, Thanlwin, Sittang * temper Hot conciliate is from March to May, rainy season is from June to October and cold season is from November to February 3. EARLY HISTORY Pyu (1st light speed BC) entered the Irrawaddy V anyey / established city states * Mon (6th century BC) southern part of Myanmar / had cultural and economic links with India > Buddhism * Mranma/Bamar/Burmans (9th century BC) settled in the Irrawaddy basin / dominant ethnic group / started the Pagan empire 4. 1044-1077 *Founded by King Anawrahta * Flourished in the upper Irrawaddy Valley * Laid the stand of the Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in the mainland * get off attacks of the Mongol empire . WARRING STATES PERIOD * Ava Kingdom (1364-1555) Led byBurmanized Shan kings who claimed descent from Pagan kings Founded byThadominbya * Hanthawaddy Kingdom/Hanthawaddy Pegu Dominant kingdom in southern Burma Founded by KingWareru 6. FORTY YEARS WAR * phalanx conflict between Ava and Pegu * 1st half Ava invaded Pegu and was defeated Ava pressed a truce * 2nd half Pegu attacked Ava to stop its expansion Ava signed other truce and broke it * After the state of war, Hanthawaddy Pegu reached its golden age through internet and commercializing . TOUNGOO DYNASTY * KingMingyinyo founded theFirst Taungoo Dynasty * Tabinshwehti unified most of Burma and was crowned king of all Burma in 1544 *Burma became an im carriageant trading center with the coming of European traders * Bayinnaung succeeded the potentiometer in 1551 and reigned for 30 years, launching a campaign of conquest invasive several states 8. KONBAUNG DYNASTY * Last dynasty in Burma * Founded by a village-chiefAlaungpaya Reunited all of Burma, eliminate the Hantha waddy dynasty and drove out the European powers who provided arms to Hanthawaddy * 1760-1855 series of wars with Siam until the two countries exchange Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Siam) 9. FIRST ANGLO-BURMESE WAR * King Bodawpaya expanded atomic number 74 which happened to include areas near the borders of the British India * British won full mark over Assam, Manipur, Cachar, Arakan, Jaintia, and Tenasserim * Burmese forced to pay 1M pound sterling and sign a commercial treaty * Longest and most expensive war in British Indian history 10.SECOND ANGLO-BURMESE WAR * Commodore George Lambert displace to Burma to resolve some minor issues regarding the Treaty of Yandabo * George Lambert blocked the port of Rangoon, seizing the Kings royal ship * Britain also cute the teak forests in the southern parts of Burma and the port between Calcutta and neat of Singapore * The British succeeded annexed Pegu and renaming it Lower Burma 11. THIRD ANGLO-BURMESE WAR King Mindon tri ed to germinate the Burmese state and saving to resist British encroachments * The British claimed that Mindons son, Thibaw Min, was a tyrant intending to side with the French * The British won for the travel time, making Burma a province of the British Raj 12. BRITISH RULE * Capital at Rangoon *Traditional Burmese society was changed by the end of monarchy * aim for Burmese rice grew and lands were opened for cultivation * Farmers were forced to borrow specie from Indian m one and only(a)ylenders called chettiars * Burmese economy grew provided all the power and riches remained in the British firms 3. NATIONALIST MOVEMENT * Dominated by Ethnic Burmese * Strongly anti-Chinese and anti-Indians * Domination of Myanmar economy by foreign capital stimulated the devt of socialist ideology * The stress on Buddhism as being the core of cultural, religious and personal identity alienated the non-Burmese 14. Japanese RULE * Nominally declared Burma independent as the State of Burma on August 1, 1943 * Asia for the Asians Co-Prosperity Sphere (self-sufficient bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers) * 1944 Aung San established the Anti-Fascist Peoples Freedom group discussion *1945 British troops had regained control 15. INDEPENDENCE * Britain move Myanmar towards full self-governance ( beneath the British Commonwealth) * January 1947 Aung San led the AFPFL to London election for a constitution * Won the elections, but Aung San was assassinated U Nu led Myanmar to independence from the British on January 4, 1948 * Union of Burma federal state composed of large Burmese are and quartette upland states * General Ne Win led a multitude coup to overthrow U Nus elected government * legion(predicate) people supported the coup = end to the corruption, instability, inflation and social excitement * Military-based political party Burma Socialist Program Party *1974 new Constitution Socialist Republic of the Union Of Burma * 1987 UN Mya nmar as the least developed nation, one of the worlds 10 poorest countries * Two economies the legal state-controlled economy & the black market economy * State Law and Order riposte Council General Saw Maung * Aung San Suu Kyi, daughter of Aung San, won the elections but was placed under house arrest * March 27, 2006 the capital was officially namedNaypyidaw Myodaw (Royal City of the croup of Kings) * 2005 capital fromYangon toNaypyidaw * May 10, 2008 from theUnion of Myanmarto theRepublic of the Union of Myanmar