Leadership theory and competency framework Essay

Introduction leading is always been pastimeing topic to be discussed. Given the theories that continue to arise and evolve. There is none of the theories that re in ally tail assembly define what is the real marrow of leading just we agree that the leader must elevator carry knowledge, skills on how to analyse the information in order to pull appropriate stopping point. An impelling leader is one who is competent to read the place, correct the problem, responsible for(p), allowingness to develop the followers, retain equity and good ethical motive. Effective leadershiphip expected to act at heart the respectable frame spring. The ethical framework itself is a teardrop(predicate) what right or molest and good and bad. The reason why ethical conclusion composes so all-important(prenominal) in the leadership is beca ingestion course involves in a lot of trans satisfys with people both within and outside the administration. The purpose of this report is to s ucceed better understanding about effective leadership, decision fashioning and ethical management and how they linked each many other both in theories and practices and how the leaders ensure that every decisions argon made within the ethical framework. morality. According to Ciulla (1998) moral philosophy is study about compassionate kins it is about the lineament that we play in keep on what we should do and what we should be homogeneous as kind being. moral philosophy is about right or malign and good or devil. Ethics is the origin of leadership. There atomic number 18 four theories in ethics 1. Virtue ethics. Foc workd on in unmarried processes whether their act is expressing good character (moral virtues) or non. 2. Deontological ethics. In deontological perspective, intentions atomic number 18 the chastely relevant aspects of an act. As long as the leader acts according to his or her duty on moral principles then the leader acts ethically, regardless of the consequences. In simple words, deontological focus on what is right found on the facts. 3. estimable growth and learning ethics. Ethical growth and learning ethics as well as called as the character ethics. According to Covey (1992) the character ethics establish on living efficaciously including things like integrity, courage, fidelity and so on. He believes that human receive to go through the necessary stages in their life for their ain growth. Senge (1990), see learning process in each aboutbody are important for the system learningdevelopment. 4. Teleological. This theory locates the ethics of the action in its results.LeadershipLeadership is the one of the specific type of human relations. There are a lot of thoughts behind the theory of leadership, point those theories becalm growing from time to time and it stills remain without satisfactory conclusion on that. According to Bolden, The theories of leadership are ranging as follow (Bolden et all.,2003)1. striking Man theories.These theories based on the idea that leaders are those who are incredible, born with leadership qualities and destined to become a leader.2. Trait theories.The theories based on the qualities and traits that leaders take a leak. Trait theories practically3. Behavioural theories.These theories are foeman from great man theories. The theories believe that good leaders are made, not born.4. Situational theories.These theories view leadership as something that is specific into the situations. For example at that place are some situations that require the type of autocratic leadership, in other situation participative approach might needed.5. Contigency theories.These theories focus on particular variables related to the milieu to suit the style of the leadership. According to this, successful leadership depends on poetry of variables including leadership style, followers quality and the conditions.6. Participative theories.The theories suggest that ideal leadership style is one that fetching in stage from others. These leaders are to a greater extent engaging the root members in decision making process. According to Lewin (1939) there are three leadership style in participatory, autocratic, democratic and laissez faire.7. focalisation theories or transactional theoriesThese theories focus on the role of organisation and group performance. These theories use rewards and punishment system and most used by the duty organisations.8. kinship Theories or transformational theories.These theories focus on the radio link between the leaders and followers. In this theory, beside focus on the overall performance of the groups, the leader also focvictimization on each members potential. This theory also often has high ethical and moral standards. Decision MakingAccording to business dictionary, Decision making is process of selecting a prime(prenominal) from the available options. In order to make good decision, someone must be able to predict th e result of each option and based on that options, pretend the best for the particular situation. There are 2 dominant decision making process models1. Rational modelRational model is mechanistic. The foundation of this model is quantitative discipline. It involves a cognitive process where each shout follows in a logical order in order to last the best result. Disadvantage of this method is slow process in decision making2. Bounded rationalityBounded rationality foundation is qualitative approaches. Bounded rationality model recognize that the data that available whitethorn or may not be completely valid only decision maker stills allow to make decision based on available data.1. ToyotaToyota started in 1993 as one of Toyoda automatic divisions. Toyoda Automatic was promote to develop Nipponese automobile production by Japanese brass for supply their domestic vehicles. In 1993, Toyota motor co. became independent and separated from Toyoda automatic. Toyota started to hyperb olise in 1960 to other countries began by establishing new research and development initiation in Thailand and in 1963, the first Toyota built outside Japan situated in Melbourne, Australia. During that decade, Toyota hadexported one meg units which had their presence established worldwide. In 2010 Toyota go about the most critical crisis on their history as one of the biggest car manufacturers in the world. At least 8 million cars were recalled from the market regarding to foundation mats and gas peddles that ca apply uncontrollable acceleration that reported become the earn of accidents and close. This incident costing the federation of millions dollars in repair expenses lost in sales and destroyed the high orderliness image for its reputation and of course undermining its credibility.The company also faced some of expensive lawsuits because it accused that Toyota leaders knew about the problems tho they held back the information to held recall and in this case the Toy ota leaders using ethical growth and learning approach. A lot of organisation experienced crisis incidents that need them to make audience earthly concern messages in explanation, apologies, and other efforts to fix their image. The unethical things that resulting in public accusation often can result in harm to shareholders and stakeholders of the organisation and will sire ostracize impact in organisations sustainability. Toyota confront by some very adopt situational limitation in trying to respond effectively in responding to the allegations and fixing its bad image. The allegations including the causes of the problem is not all clear yet ranging from engineering issue to humans error.In reality, some reports suggest that the company do to repair the product are not solving the problems. The toyota also accused on having slow decision making process because they didnt respond to that that problem quickly and decisively. Ideally, the organisation expected to turn over quickl y responsive actions to make positive image in the clubhouse because it is indicate that the organisation primary interest is to solving the problems rather that reduce sub judice problems. Such organisations are likely to be seen as ethical, responsible and decisive. However, the most difficult part that the company confront regarding their CEO.Akio Toyoda, the grandson of the founder. He confront the culture conflict associated with his multinational companys nature. In general, Japanese corporate cultures encouraging harmony and try to avoid addressing the problems in public and prefer to manage behind the scenes and the process of their decision making is using consensus model. Consensus model is time consuming process and it will slow organisation intheir respond to the crisis. For some countries this can be seen that company is not decisive. Also in the Japanese organisation culture, they more focus on their leaders opinion than publics opinion.2. TrafiguraTrafigura is a undercover company established in 1993 by six partners, Claude Dauphin, Eric de Turckheim, Graham Sharp, Antonio Cometti, Daniel Posen and marker Crandall. They are focusing on three regional markets, South the States for oil and mineral industry, Eastern Europe for metals industry and Africa for oil industry. Currently, the group has 81 offices in 56 countries.The story of ethical issues that faced by Trafigura begun in early 2006 when Trafiguras oil trader decided to pervert Coker naphtha, a refinery by product from Mexico. They did this to make a quick profit. In between March and June 2006, three loads of 28.000 tonned was received in Texas and transferred to hired cargo ship, Probo koala. Dangerous chemicals were used to clean the Coker naphtha and then Trafigura realised that they facing the problem on how to dispose the toxic material safely. In July 2006, Probo Koala arrived in Amsterdam where one of the branch corporate offices is located. The Amsterdam port wine Servic e, a Dutch waste management company hold to serve and dispose the waste but in the higher price than it was agreed because APS discovered that the slop was much more polluted and requiring special treatment.As the consequences of that problem, the Probo Koala back to the sea and in August 2006, it arrived in drop Coast to deliver the waste to local company called Compagnie Tommy. Tommy then was illegally dumped the waste without treating it across Abidjan. The weeks after, thousands were sick and at least 10 death reported. Trafigura reached out of court agreement with Ivorian government by paying $ 198 million for cleaning up and helping the victims. Here we can see that the company using teleological approach in clearling the problem. However, they denied that what they did is wrong and refused to take on any legal liabilities for that incident. The way Trafigura handled the crisis criticized by corporate responsibility observer. They give tongue to it was clearly messed up because when facing the problem, company ideally needs to keep the facts quickly,disclose them quickly and involve those who can reduce the problem and work with affected companionship in order to clean up the damage.In contrast, Trafigura, held everything privately and in the company like this they dont have the same transparency and ethical requirements that a publicly company has. By looking for those examples, we realised that the need for ethics in leadership become obvious. Ethics influenced the leader in their leadership and decision making. Understandings of ethics bring down with the analysis of values, both individual and organisational. Effective leaders must alert of their values, and system of ethics and ethical decision making. Good character and integrity are what we want to see from the leader. Somehow there is always the connection between a value system and the ability of the leader to use these values in their decision making.According to the Josephone Instit utes (1999), there are six pillars of character that might easily be use to business setting. They are Trustworthiness honesty, integrity, reliability, loyalty, keeping promises and not deceiving others. Respect using the golden rule or treating others as you wish be treated, in addition to being courteous, listening to others, and accepting individual differences Responsibility accountability, self-control, the interest group of excellence and considering consequences of our actions prior to making them Fairness playing the rule, not taking advantage of others, making informed judgments without favoritism or prejudice, and not blaming others caring Kindness, compassion, and altruism, acting to minimize hardship and to help others whenever possible Citizenship working to make ones community better, protecting the environment, making our democratic institution work, and operating within the lawHow the leaders ensure that all decisions are made ethically? The foundation of et hical decision making involves choice and balance. As we discuss before ethics is the study of human relationship about right and wrong. To ensure that all decisions made ethically, leaders have to do ethic cope withs. There are varies on ethic checks but to make it simple, we can define ethic checks into three parts. The most parking area questions when we questioning about ethics are whether it is legal?, whether it is fair?, and if we do this, how itwill affect ourselves as human being s a members of society. The first part of ethic check is bout legality.Legal here means not only within legal system but also whether it is legal within the organisation policies. after we get the answer for the first part the next question will it be fair? One of the traits that effective leadership must have is putting the organisations interest above their personal interest. because to ensure the decision has made ethically here the leader should check whether the decision will be fair for al l stakeholders. Lastly, after those two questions answered, the leaders must ask themselves how they want to be view by the society because whatever it is, regardless the power that the leaders have, they are still a members of society.ConclusionEthics is the heart of leadership. In understanding the leadership it is important for us to understand about the ethics. Ethics is the study of human relationship. It is about what we should do and what we should be like in the society. The ethics can be different from one and another because ethics influenced by other factors such as family influence, religious belief, culture, experience and personal reflection. Leadership on the other hand is the particular type of human relationship that involving power. The effective leader has to have good ethics as one of their traits because in effective leadership, leader should put the group interest above his or her personal interest. Nowadays, many organisations in the world have been damage by their unethical decision making and most cases because they put self- interest above group or society interest which destroys the society trust to the organisations.Regarding to that we can see that ethics and leadership should go hand in hand and the effective leadership should have good ethics that stick to the moral values on the society and oppose all the unethical conduct. Like other things in the world nothing is perfect, but it is very good for the leader to ensure that the decisions are made ethically through questioning their decision whether it is legal or fair for them and for the community and the leader also consider their decision as their personal reflection.ReferencesBolden, R., Gosling, J., Marturani, A. and Dennison, P. (2003). A review of leadership theory and competency framework. Centre for Leadership studies, UK University of Exeter Linstead, S., Fulop, L., Lilley, S. 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