Brown V. Board of Education Essay

chocolate-brown v card of reading is a historical catchment basin cutting that dis gaytled segregation legalitys and established a great milepost in the movement toward true make upity. The tyrannical Courts unanimously decided on Brown v. Board of Education that break dance precisely equal is inherently unequal. Ruling that no assign had the power to pass a law that deprived any peerless from his or her fourteenth am lastment rights. For my historical analysis I impart make use of Richard Klugers Simple Justice, in which he argues, that the resolve of Independence was marred by hypocrisy solely men were not equal if coloured. His book result assist me in k straight offledge the policies that lead to and surrounded this case.Using interviews I conducted, where I questioned inner metropolis high school students of their schooling do it in comparison to my sidekick who attends a predominately white privileged private school, I will lastly uncover the many some oth er(prenominal) an break out(prenominal) inequalities that still exist at present. While researching I interviewed my grandaunt Bertha, who grew up in the pronounce of manuscript, she had a foremost-hand experience of life to begin with Brown v Board of Education and life after the Supreme Court ruled on the case, her life was changed forever. My research will way on not that a historical analysis of what occurred, simply how distant America has claimed to truly come in dealings with dry wash relations, and the inequalities that still exist today.The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 between the united States besides k promptlyn as the Union and the fewer southern nations that denote their separation from the United States known as the Confederates. The war was based in the first place on differing opinions on the issue of slavery. The war lasted near four geezerhood and the results yielded in the Confederacy existence defeated by the Union. Upon def eating the Confederates, the Union abolished slavery. From that wink on the summons of rebuilding the Union as a virile united nation began. This Union was to guarantee freedom to slaves and began the process of having cause slaves obtain rights entitled to all citizens. Once the Civil War had ended, so did the policy of legal slavery. However antecedent Confederate leaders did not intend on allowing the originator slaves to have all the alike(p) rights as whites nor did they intend for former slaves to be counted equally as citizens.Just earlier the end of the war, congress had passed the Morrill Act of 1862. This act was to provide for federal financial backing of higher cultivation. Former slave-holding states decided to find loop holes in allowing former slaves to benefit from the new federal funding as they were not produce to asked them as citizens or up to now human for that matter. Post-Civil War, the fourteenth amendment to the United States governing body grant ed equal protection under the law to all citizens. Although the amendment was intrust into effect Congress knew the transition from slave to citizen with a hand broad(a) of rights would be difficult for former slaves so to help with the transition process Congress created the Freedmens Bureau. This program was created to assist in the integration of former slave into society as citizens. At the end of the reconstruction full s hook in 1877 former Confederate states implemented random laws that would blatantly go against the federal law and the constitutional right granted by the fourteenth amendment to all including African Americans for equal treatment under the law. Southern state believed they could somehow obey federal lay outs by having equality yet tutelage order by having charges remain bring out. For many years the court at both state and federal level claimed the 14th amendment applied only to federal, not state, citizenship, hence they had no control over how a sta te thought to treat or label an African American on their land. This was proven true of the court in the 1863 Civil Rights Case comprehend beforehand the Supreme Court.This case was do up of five start out level court cases and made into one because they all had the sympathetic claim. In this case The Court held that Congress lacked the constitutional authority under the enforcement comestible of the Fourteenth Amendment to outlaw racial discrimination by private individuals and organizations, quite than state and local governments. After the end of Reconstruction, the federal government by and large did not hear racial segregation cases instead advising the issue be left up to each individual state to handle. In grounds Brown v Board of Education one must first understand a little about Plessey v Ferguson. The issue in this case was can the states constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use separate still equal segregated facilities? An d the Court ruled, yes. The states can constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use separate but equal segregated facilities, this coming from the highest Court of the land. The trouble with this ideology was that it is contradictory purge in its simplest form.Although the Constitution required equality, the facilities and social services offered to African-Americans were almost unceasingly of lower quality than those offered to white Americans for example, many African American schools original less unexclusive funding per student than nearby white schools. overt water fountains, which were label colored, were always of lower quality than those label for whites. Life went on lived with this flawed thought process of serrate equality for many years creating an inferior class of citizens, black were at the bottom and therefore not equal. Many people have tried to challenge the separate but equal rule but most went un comprehend and those that were heard failed have a change occur. Eventually in 1954 a case did make it on the Supreme Court docket, that case was Linda Brown v. Board of Education. Brown v Board of Education asked the Supreme Court to solving the question of does the segregation of children in public schools solely on the understructure of race deprive the minority children of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment?Blacks wanted merelyice and wanted this question to be answered and clarified for all the nation that they too argon people entitle to all the same rights as whites. Thurgood Marshall was one of leading attorney, and well-behaved rights activistics, who fought against the segregation laws and policies that were violating the rights of African Americans, especially the children. Kulger the African Americans were going to ask equal treatment from top to bottom buses, buildings, teachers, teachers salaries, teaching materials. Everything the same. Anything less was pat ently in violation of the Fourteenth amendement, Thurgood Marshall explained. (18) Thurgood Marshall was one of leading attorney, and civil rights activists, who fought against the segregation laws and policies that were violating the rights of African Americans, especially the children.KulgerBlack children were denied admission to public schools be by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to the races. Linda Browns beginner though it to be insane that just based solely on the color of his daughters skin she would have to travel really far crosswise train tracks to go to the black only school when they lived near by a school that happened to be labeled whites only. The National Association of the growth of Colored People picked up his case, making Linda Brown the poster missy for the cause She was the embodiment of young black students that were not getting an adequate to(predicate) education that they are entitled to. Brown embellished the ideal look of an average, young, unobjectionable girl, just nerve-racking to go to school like any other White child would.The NAACP hired a team of lawyers and civil rights activist to petition the court to hear out the constitutionality of this issue. The lawyers on the case complied many other cases into the same bulk because they all asked of the court the same question, which was the constitutionality of the separate but equal.The Supreme Court ultimately decided in favour of Brown and cited, despite the equalization of the schools by objective accompanimentors, intangible issues bring up and maintain inequality. Racial segregation in public education has a detrimental effect on minority children because it is interpreted as a sign of inferiority. The great-held doctrine that separate facilities were permissible provided they were equal was rejected. Separate but equal is inherently unequal in the context of public education. This ratiocination called for an end to all state maintained racial segregation. Although the legal end was called for the mentality of many remained the same some going so far as to verbally and physically torture blacks that would dare utilize the same facilities as whites. Brown v Board of Education was decided in 1954 approximately 60 years ago but the strong make of life before the decision still live on today even in the State of New York which is known to be continuous tense and liberal I find myself surround by many disparities. indoors the New York Public school arrangement for example.Although we are not literally labeled certain schools as a black school or a white schools the idea of zoning children into schools based on their underwrite is just the new form of separate but equal in my eyes. I had the pleasure of interviewing a fellow political science major(ip) at The urban center College of New York. arse Miller shared with me his experience within the New York City public school system, where he was imp rove until his graduation from high school or as he called it senescent out of the system. John described in detail his experience of never having shared a classroom with a white person before enrolling at City College. John was born and raised in the Bedford Stuyvesant partition of Brooklyn, New York. Bedford Stuyvesant is widely known as the black cultural mecca of Brooklyn, similar to what Harlem is to Manhattan. He explained to me the way New York City public school system works from kindergarten through 9th grade. Children are assigned a school that is in close proximity to their neighborhood. If they dresst like the school they are assigned to, which many do not, the answer from authority figures is tough luck or simply move.Unfortunately John was one of the students that had to rub in his underfunded school. He also told me about his best fighter who was one of the lucky few that gained admission into a read school (which interpretms to be the only way out of the fail ed Bedstuy public schools) in downtown Brooklyn. His friend was admitted into the school because his mothers employer noticed what she felt was great give-and-take for someone whose mother was a simple housekeeper. While he fagged the day watching his mother clean her house she simply made a phone call to one of her friends who happened to be a medium-large donor to the charter school and in just a few weeks he was being bussed to a 21st century private charter school. He was one of the lucky few to made it out. Miller is now at the University of Chicago studying biology, I hope of becoming a doctor.Most of their childhood friends from the neighborhood are either in prison house most for crimes of necessity given their unfortunate circumstances. He described how another friend would frequently steal from the local grocery story to communicate his family with food. Miller would like to point out that he is not trying to create excuses for the crimes committed, however he is sympa thetic to their reasoning. He is also not oblivious to the fact that not all the crimes his childhood friends are being incarcerated for are crime of necessity but rather some are crimes of pure boredom. He is not sure where to place blame or on who in either circumstance. The past stories accounts for the majority of the men John knew but the women are not excluding from this group of underachievers.Most became pregnant at an extremely early age giving nascency to children out of wedlock. They gave birth with the expectation that there is always food stamps/welfare I dont need a job while others are working(a) dead end jobs making minimum wage. In his community education is clearly not something to value and I would make the claim that it is because from kindergarten the schools in this community are underfunded and have teacher who dont caution working in the system.If the teachers dont care neither will the students and so the cycle continues. Was this system plan and created by our white socioeconomic counter part? We were taught to believe Brown v Board of Education would change our lives forever. Once the high Court made the claim that separate but equal actually was impossible to accomplish and an oxymoron within itself. Mississippi was so defiant towards the Brown v. Board of Education case, schools in the state refused to integrate. Therefore the federal courts in 1969 had to modify the Mississippi desegregation order. People still had their racist ideologies and even today 4 of the schools are single-raced, although it is legally outlawed.My aunt Bertha was a student in the Mississippi public school system in the year prior to and post Brown v. Board of education. She vividly recalls sitting with her family around a radio and listening the Chief Justice announce the courts decision to declare separate but equal unconstitutional. Making separate schools for whites and black she thought would immediately fix a something of the past. She admits to being very nervous yet excited about the idea of going to schools that white people would also go to. She even recalls telling her dad maybe we wont have to share books any longer pointing to the fact that her school was so underfunded and there werent enough books to go around.Bertha says 2 years after the decision was handed down by the court she remained a student at a school on the east side of the track which were for black and the whites remained enrolled in the other school. She visits erstwhile a year now for her high school reunion and is just now starting to notice some integration almost 60 plus years later the principle proudly announced we now have a white population of 2.3 percent although she was proudly to see Brown v. Education being implemented into her hometown she still is saddened by the fact that people of color on her side of the track could potentially go through life without ever having much interaction with the other race if they so chose.This saddens her because we are now living in 2012 and our President is black however whites and some blacks still seem very uncomfortable with they idea of being together, not just in the classroom but also in all aspects of life. Segregation was an unmitigated evil, and no black man anywhere in America was free of its scar so long as the Supreme Court tolerated it (290) We are still living in a systematic world of segregation in the New York City School System in the public and private sector. Schools where most of the students are minorities get underfunded. Is this a problem of economics? Distribution? Or an ongoing internal racism that often gets ignored?BIBLIOGRAPHYKluger, Richard. Simple Justice The accounting of Brown v. Board of Education and Black Americas essay for Equality. New York Vintage, 2004. Print.Mississippi Schools Still Segregated Despite Court Order. breakage News for Black America RSS. NewsOne Staff, 4 May 2011. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. Miller, J (2012, 5 October) Personal Interv iewMoore, B (2012 15, October) Telephone Interview